Réseaux dans les jeux et les sports
Abstract
The profuse surface characteristic of sports games and their super- abundant variety conceal invariable underlying structures. These are illustrated by inte- ractive networks such as duels and coalition systems ; the formal characteristics of these structures (balance, symmetry, exclusivity...) exemplify the distinctive orientations adop- ted by the Olympic Games to magnify modern societies. Similarities of structure can be detected between sports on the one hand, and demo- cracy and the capitalist entreprise on the other. These structural parallelisms which reveal the reality in sports unavoidably lead to ethnic and political conflicts. The tensions found in liberal democracies thus appear in sports. This internal divergence produces very diffe- rent and sometimes radically opposed judgment about sports. We are led to distinguish two levels of analysis : an objective network level that lays down the games grammar and a subjective reinterpretation level elaborated by various actor in their specific social contexts.
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