Simultaneous aerosol measurements of unusual aerosol enhancement in the troposphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica

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Abstract

Unusual aerosol enhancement is often observed at Syowa Station, Antarctica, during winter and spring. Simultaneous aerosol measurements near the surface and in the upper atmosphere were conducted twice using a ground-based optical particle counter, a balloon-borne optical particle counter, and micropulse lidar (MPL) in August and September 2012. During 13-15 August, aerosol enhancement occurred immediately after a storm condition. A high backscatter ratio and high aerosol concentrations were observed from the surface to ca. 2.5 km over Syowa Station. Clouds appeared occasionally at the top of the aerosol-enhanced layer during the episode. Aerosol enhancement was terminated on 15 August by strong winds from a cyclone's approach. In the second case, on 5-7 September, aerosol number concentrations in Dp > 0.3 μm near the surface reached > 104 L-1 at about 15:00 UT (Universal Time) on 5 September despite calm wind conditions, whereas MPL measurement exhibited aerosols were enhanced at about 04:00 UT at 1000-1500 m above Syowa Station. The aerosol enhancement occurred near the surface to ca. 4 km. In both cases, air masses with high aerosol enhancement below 2.5-3 km were transported mostly from the boundary layer over the sea-ice area. In addition, air masses at 3-4 km in the second case came from the boundary layer over the open-sea area. This air mass history strongly suggests that dispersion of sea-salt particles from the sea-ice surface contributes considerably to aerosol enhancement in the lower free troposphere (about 3 km) and that the release of sea-salt particles from the ocean surface engenders high aerosol concentrations in the free troposphere (3-4 km). Continuous MPL measurements indicate that high aerosol enhancement occurred mostly in surface-lower free troposphere (3 km) during the period July-September. © Author(s) 2014.

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APA

Hara, K., Hayashi, M., Yabuki, M., Shiobara, M., & Nishita-Hara, C. (2014). Simultaneous aerosol measurements of unusual aerosol enhancement in the troposphere over Syowa Station, Antarctica. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(8), 4169–4183. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4169-2014

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