Spins in few-electron quantum dots
- DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.79.1217
- arXiv: cond-mat/0610433
Abstract
This review describes the physics of spins in quantum dots containing one or two electrons, from an experimentalist's viewpoint. Various methods for extracting spin properties from experiment are presented, restricted exclusively to electrical measurements. Furthermore, experimental techniques are discussed that allow for: (1) the rotation of an electron spin into a superposition of up and down, (2) the measurement of the quantum state of an individual spin and (3) the control of the interaction between two neighbouring spins by the Heisenberg exchange interaction. Finally, the physics of the relevant relaxation and dephasing mechanisms is reviewed and experimental results are compared with theories for spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions. All these subjects are directly relevant for the fields of quantum information processing and spintronics with single spins (i.e. single-spintronics).
Spins in few-electron quantum dots
belonging to the thesis
Electron spins in few-electron lateral quantum dots
Laurens Henry Willems van Beveren
1. Due to its large energy gap (2∆ ∼ 1400 GHz), the type-II superconductor
NbTiN is well suited for guiding high frequency signals on-chip at low
temperatures, even in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
chapter 2 of this thesis
2. Zeeman energy resolved excited-state spectroscopy unambiguously reveals
the ground state spin configuration of a few-electron quantum dot, as long
as the addition of one electron changes the spin of the ground state by
|∆S| = 1/2.
chapter 4 of this thesis
3. Tunnel-rate selective spin read-out is a more versatile method than energy
selective spin read-out, as it allows read-out of nearly degenerate states
and is robust against high frequency noise and charge fluctuations.
chapter 7 and 8 of this thesis
4. In GaAs quantum dots, charge fluctuations pose a more fundamental
threat to electron spin manipulation than the hyperfine interaction.
5. In contrast to previous belief, scanning electron microscopy can be a fast
and non-invasive tool for the characterization of quantum dot devices.
6. Asian, in contrast to Western, researchers have a natural advantage in
nanofabrication given their ability to eat with chopsticks.
7. The apparent increase of natural disasters can not simply be ascribed to
man’s interference with the climate system.
8. Podcasting is going to play an important role in the university education
programme, illustrating the usefulness of RSS subscriptions.
9. The battle between leading scientific journals for the best research papers
(e.g. Nature Physics and Physical Review Letters) will be decided by the
speed of the reviewing process.
10. The best propositions are formulated in the process of debate.
These propositions are considered opposable and defendable and as such have
been approved by the promotor, Prof. dr. ir. L. P. Kouwenhoven.
Delft, October 2005
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