Usability and usefulness of internet mapping platforms in participatory spatial planning

Abstract

Internet mapping platforms are widely used in participatory planning. They carry the promise of accessibility, a wider audience, and more precise spatial data. However, they are critiqued for issues of trust, digital exclusion, and low usability. While the first two problems can be dependent on the local context, the last one is connected with the introduction of map editing tools. They change browser experience and require accessing spatial knowledge, which is a cognitively demanding task, especially for older people. This can negatively influence both quality and quantity of the data being produced. In this paper, we ask questions about the perception of online forms of participation, the accuracy and reliability of the data being collected in participatory mapping, differences between participants age groups, and design considerations for creating successful and inclusive participatory mapping tools? We conducted usability testing experiment with 30 participants. They were presented with various map editing tasks that were to be completed using a mock internet participatory mapping platform that was designed to mimic real-life applications. The sessions were recorded using eye-tracking equipment. We have observed a considerable enthusiasm for using and interacting with web mapping tools, but this was not reflected in the quality of the data which was very low overall. Known map features were added in wrong places even in simpler tasks. Although there were considerable differences between the oldest and youngest people in the map editing behavior, the quality and quantity of the data were similar. We conclude that mapping platforms can be useful for participatory planning and age of the participants is not a barrier for their inclusion when the interface is properly designed. But in the same time care is needed to provide robust quality control. We also propose a research agenda composed from three avenues of research: data quality, usability and user experience and utility of the map.