Vagina

Abstract

The vagina functions as a female copulative organ and a canal for childbirth and menstrual secretions and is composed of smooth muscles, connective tissue and mucosa lined by a nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium covered by mucus. Sex hormones impact the physiology and structure of the vaginal epithelium and the vaginal microbiota (VMB) at this site. Estrogen facilitates glycogen production and promotion of lactobacilli growth. Lactobacilli acidify the microenvironment which protects the vagina against invading pathogens. Lactobacilli dominance is associated with vaginal health, whereas depletion of lactobacilli results in dysbiosis. The health outcomes of VMB disruption will be discussed.