WSN efficient data management and intelligent communication for load balancing based on khalimsky topology and mobile agents

Abstract

In this paper, we have used the multi-agent system (MAS) and the Khalimsky theory to optimize the routing paths and to improve the data management in wireless sensor network (WSN). We have used hierarchical architecture composed by three layers. In the first layer, the sensors are randomly deployed and grouped into clusters for data gathering. The second layer contains the leaders having the highest remaining energy in the clusters. These sensors ensure the fusion and the aggregation of collected data. The third layer contains a set of sensors deployed according to the Khalimsky topology to transmit data packets to the Sink using an optimal path. Each sensor node incorporates an agent to manage the communications and the collected data. In the third layer, mobile agents are used to balance the selection of nodes forming paths between the Sink and the gateways. Our approach showed a reduction of the energy consumption up to 40% compared with LEACH protocol.Mobile agents were more effective than stationary agents. They allowed to save approximately 5% of energy. Also, they allowed a balance of tasks distribution and reduced energy gap between nodes which consequently permit the prolongation of the network lifetime.