Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation. © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
CITATION STYLE
Clutton-Brock, T. (2009, November 5). Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08366
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