Pipelines.

Abstract

The history of pipelines is outlined from their beginning in China 50000 years BC to present day uses and futuristic experiments. The various types of materials used through the ages include bamboo, wood, clay, lead, cast iron, steel etc. The wide variety of materials transported in this way includes oil, natural gas, ammonia, phosporic acid, bulk solids, coal etc. The history of pneumatic transport is reviewed briefly with particular reference to pneumatic post systems. Experiments with 'tube trains' which would be jet powered reach speeds of over 500 km/hour are also described. (A.P.)