Assessment of spring water quality affected by agricultural and human activities in Bali Island

Abstract

This study aims to determine the water quality of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring at Banjar Gunung Kangin, Bangli Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia based on physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters; and to determine water quality index and its criteria. Results showed that temperature, turbidity, and nitrate concentration were acceptable, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 429 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010. However, pH was below the limit and fecal coliform exceeded the minimum acceptable level. Total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and phosphate concentration were also acceptable; however, pH in the source of the spring and reservoir were below the limit. Meanwhile, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and fecal coliform of the water from fountain were over the limit according to the Governor of Bali Regulation No. 8 / 2007. Water quality index of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring was between 52.89-55.76 and classified as moderate quality based on NSF-WQI suggested that water treatment was necessary before using it as drinking water.