Interconnection of factors influencing embeddedness of school counseling and guidance: An empirical study

Abstract

School counseling and guidance, which is one of the most helpful strategies for supporting students in school, has been studied in terms of its practical activities, concepts, and school system. In considering schools as places where students' psychological/social, learning, and career development are supported, individual aspects of those topics have been examined separately, but to the present authors' knowledge, they have not yet been studied comprehensively. The present study focuses on the embeddedness of school counseling and guidance, matters that influence it, and the interconnection of those factors. Influencing factors found include the school counseling and guidance ability of the person in charge at a school, the school counseling and guidance system itself, the collaborative and syntonic climate at the school, and the principal's leadership. Embeddedness of school counseling and guidance is directly influenced by the school counseling and guidance system and the school climate, whereas the principals' innovative and caring leadership indirectly influences embeddedness.