Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review from the Theoretical Lenses of the TOE Framework

Abstract

Digital transformation (DT) is a topic of the digital world that is neither stable nor clear, since it is a complex concept of diffuse understanding that remains under discussion. Consequently, this article aims to comprehend DT from the theoretical lenses of the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) framework. A systematic literature review has been conducted in order to identify the factors, drivers, and barriers of DT within the TOE dimensions. In addition, the orientation of definitions and research on DT will be analyzed from a TOE approach. The main results that emerge from this study suggest that most of the factors in DT are focused on organizational and technological issues, while the environmental factors have received less attention. Our findings provide a broader view of the TOE factors that mediate DT, which offers a better comprehension and conceptualization of this phenomenon. Also, this study suggests three actions that might encompass the DT in a company. These results come from a variety of organizational circumstances that have been presented in the selected literature. Even when we did not focus on a single industry, we were able to get some tendencies about the research in DT.