Vegetative responses to temperature and photoperiod in saplings of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Leguminosae)

Abstract

Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (brazilwood) is an endangered tree species occurring along the eastern coast of Brazil from latitudes 5°56'S to 22°56'S. With such a range of distribution it is expected that temperature and daylength may affect plant development, which was examined in this study. One- and five-year-old saplings were grown under controlled photoperiods of 8 h, 12 h and 20 h, and in a greenhouse under natural light during 16 months. In another experiment, one- year-old saplings were cultivated for six months in a growth cabinet, with reduced maximum temperature, and in the greenhouse. Leaf number, stem height and stem diameter at the soil surface were evaluated every two months (experiment 1) or every month (experiment 2). In experiment 1, no significant effect of photoperiod on growth of saplings was observed. The increase of leaf number with time followed a polynomial model, and the slope of the curves differed significantly for saplings of the two ages. Stem height increased linearly in younger saplings and fitted a polynomial curve in older saplings. Stem diameter enlarged linearly with time in all saplings. Growth parameters were significantly related to high temperatures. In experiment 2, significant regressions between growth and the maximum daily temperatures recorded were also found for increase of leaf number and stem height increment. Our results show that vegetative growth of the saplings of this tropical species is affected by temperature but not by photoperiod.