Socioeconomic inequality and mental health: A Latin American literature review

Abstract

This study provides a review of the scientific output in Latin America concerning the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on mental disorders and drug use or addiction. International and regional databases were analyzed. According to the majority of the studies, adults and adolescents with low SES showed increased risk of mental disorders, and alcohol consumption was higher among individuals with high SES, while low SES was associated with alcohol abuse and addiction, although the evidence was less conclusive. Smoking was more frequent among young people with high SES, but in adults it was more common with low SES. Illicit drug use was more frequent among adults (but not adolescents) with low SES. Prescription drugs tended to be consumed by adults and adolescents with higher SES. Use of solvents was more frequent among low SES adolescents. The studies' observed trends and methodological aspects are also discussed.