Alpha-gal syndrome: Overview of clinical presentation and pathophysiology

Abstract

In the world of allergology, alpha-gal syndrome remains one of the most fascinating discoveries over the last 15 years as it is triggered by specific IgE directed against the immunogenic sugar galactose-α‑1,3‑galactose (alpha-gal), found foremost in mammalian meat, milk and products derived thereof, potentially resulting in anaphylaxis. Also, mammalian-derived drugs and medical products have been identified as possible culprits. Nonetheless, tick bites remain the major cause of specific alpha-gal-sIgE. Herein, we summarize the current clinical knowledge and pathophysiology of alpha-gal syndrome in order to better understand this disease.