Optimizing Process Parameters to Enhance Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Fiberglass-Reinforced ONYX Polymer

Abstract

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is widely used for custom manufacturing but has limitations in strength for load-bearing applications. This study explores the optimization of mechanical properties for lightweight, cost-effective components using continuous fiber reinforcement. ONYX polymer, reinforced with continuous fiberglass, was printed using the Markforged® Mark Two dual nozzle 3D printer. A Design of Experimentation (DoE) based on a Taguchi L9 array was used, varying fiberglass content (10%, 20%, 30%), infill densities (30%, 40%, 50%), and pattern types (hexagonal, rectangular, Triangular). The results show that increasing fiberglass content, infill density, and using a rectangular pattern enhanced mechanical properties, with a 30% fiberglass addition achieving a 4.743-fold increase in Izod impact energy. The highest mechanical performance was obtained with 30% fiberglass, 50% infill density, and a rectangular pattern, yielding an impact energy of 1576.778 J/m, compressive strength of 29.486 MPa, and Shore D hardness of 68.135 HD.