Exploring technology acceptance of head-mounted device-based augmented reality surgical navigation in orthopaedic surgery

Abstract

Background: This study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate the acceptance of HMD-based AR surgical navigation. Methods: An experiment was conducted in which participants drilled 12 predefined holes using freehand drilling, proprioceptive control, and AR assistance. Technology acceptance was assessed through a survey and non-participant observations. Results: Participants' intention to use AR correlated (p < 0.05) with social influence (Spearman's rho (rs) = 0.599), perceived performance improvement (rs = 0.592) and attitude towards AR (rs = 0.542). Conclusions: While most participants acknowledged the potential of AR, they also highlighted persistent barriers to adoption, such as issues related to user-friendliness, time efficiency and device discomfort. To overcome these challenges, future AR surgical navigation systems should focus on enhancing surgical performance while minimising disruptions to workflows and operating times. Engaging orthopaedic surgeons in the development process can facilitate the creation of tailored solutions and accelerate adoption.