Osseointegration evaluation of two socket preservation materials in small diameter bone cavities: An in vivo lab rats study

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the osseointegration in small diameter rat bone cavities of a collagen-based material and a synthetic bone graft by using a protocol consisting of three evaluation methods: direct macroscopic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a histological study. For this study we made three study groups, each of them consisting of twelve laboratory Whistar rats, one for each studied material and one control group. For each study group, six laboratory rats were sacrificed after two months, and the other six after four months in order to evaluate the bone wound healing.The total amount of augmentation was significantly greater in the augmented groups than in the control group. Macroscopic examination of the evolution of augmented bone wound healing with the collagen-based material offered spectacular results especially in the cavities prepared in the calvaria, while in the bone wounds augmented with OssceramNano we always noticed the presence of synthetic material residual particles. The OCT evaluation highlighted the degree of filling of the defect through the lack of refractivity of the collagen-based material, while the higher refractive index of the synthetic bone graft material allowed some spectacular observations. On the histological samples from the first study group, filled with the collagen-based material, we generally have observed the filling of the experimental bone defects with repairing connective tissue with various bone extensions from the surrounding bone tissue The histological assessment of the synthetic bone graft augmented cavities showed firstly the presence of synthetic material residual particles surrounded by a newly formed connective tissue in early stages or a young bone tissue with many osteoblasts in the advanced stages of osseointegration.