Systemic Analgesic Activity and δ-Opioid Selectivity in [2,6-Dimethyl-Tyr1, D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin

Abstract

The cyclic peptide [2,6-dimethyl-Tyr1,D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (2) was synthesized by solid-phase techniques and contains the optically pure unnatural amino acid 2,6-dimethyltyrosine (DMT) as a replacement for the Tyr1 residue of [D-Pen2,D-Pen8]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1). This structural modification resulted in a 10-fold increase in the potency of 2 at the δ opioid receptor and a 35-fold increase in potency at the μ receptor while substantial δ receptor selectivity was maintained. In addition, 2 was 86-fold more effective than 1 at inhibiting electrically stimulated contractions of the mouse vas deferens. In the hot plate test, 2 was 7-fold more potent than 1 after intracerebroventricular administration in the mouse. While 1 was inactive following systemic administration of doses as high as 30 mg/kg, subcutaneous administration of 2 significantly inhibited writhing with an EDM of 2.6 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that the potency and systemic activity of DPDPE are significantly increased by replacement of Tyr1 with DMT. © 1992, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.