Dissecting various ATP-dependent steps involved in proteasomal degradation

Abstract

Proteolysis by archaeal 20S proteasomes and the PAN (proteasome-activating nucleotidase) regulatory complex, a homolog of the eukaryotic 19S AAA ATPases, requires ATP hydrolysis through multiple steps. ATP hydrolysis, activated by binding of substrates to PAN, is utilized for substrate unfolding, gate opening of 20S proteasomes, and substrate translocation.