Predictive model for early detection of type 2 diabetes using patients' clinical symptoms, demographic features, and knowledge of diabetes

Abstract

Background and Aims: With the global rise in type 2 diabetes, predictive modeling has become crucial for early detection, particularly in populations with low routine medical checkup profiles. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for type 2 diabetes using health check-up data focusing on clinical details, demographic features, biochemical markers, and diabetes knowledge. Methods: Data from 444 Nigerian patients were collected and analysed. We used 80% of this data set for training, and the remaining 20% for testing. Multivariable penalized logistic regression was employed to predict the disease onset, incorporating waist-hip ratio (WHR), triglycerides (TG), catalase, and atherogenic indices of plasma (AIP). Results: The predictive model demonstrated high accuracy, with an area under the curve of 99% (95% CI = 97%–100%) for the training set and 94% (95% CI = 89%–99%) for the test set. Notably, an increase in WHR (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 70.35; 95% CI = 10.04–493.1, p-value < 0.001) and elevated AIP (AOR = 4.55; 95% CI = 1.48–13.95, p-value = 0.008) levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while higher catalase levels (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.22–0.49, p < 0.001) correlated with a decreased risk. In contrast, TG levels (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.40–2.71, p-value = 0.94) were not associated with the disease. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of using distinct clinical and biochemical markers for early type 2 diabetes detection in Nigeria, reflecting global trends in diabetes modeling, and highlighting the need for context-specific methods. The development of a web application based on these results aims to facilitate the early identification of individuals at risk, potentially reducing health complications, and improving diabetes management strategies in diverse settings.