Association between nutrient intake and female infertility: a study based on NHANES database

Abstract

Background: This study was designed to investigate the association between nutrients and female infertility. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 18–45 years of age reproductive-age women was conducted using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for the periods 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between nutrients and female infertility. Subgroup analysis was applied to the body mass index (BMI). Results were summarised using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of the total 1713 women, 204 women (11.91%) were infertile. The result demonstrated that higher intake of carbohydrate (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24–0.86, p = 0.018), vitamin A (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24–0.80, p = 0.009), vitamin C (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.88, p = 0.020), magnesium (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.76, p = 0.009), iron (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23–0.82, p = 0.012), lycopene (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.91, p = 0.022), and total folate (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20–0.70, p = 0.003) were associated with a lower risk of female infertility. The subgroup analysis also reported that intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and lycopene were related to a lower risk of female infertility among women with a BMI being 18.5–24.9 kg/m2. Among women with BMI > 24.9 kg/m2, high intakes of magnesium, iron and total folate were associated with a decreased risk of female infertility. Conclusions: The intake of several nutrients is associated with a decreased risk of female infertility. These findings provide insight into potentially modifiable lifestyle factors associated with female infertility.