KERAGAMAN VEGETASI PADA AREAL LAHAN TAMBANG EMAS DI KECAMATAN CINEAM KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

Abstract

Pada umumnya pertambangan emas skala kecil ditengarai menimbulkan kerusakan ekosistem tanah dan tumbuhan, maka pendalaman mengenai kondisi dan karakteristik tumbuhan dan tanah pada lahan tersebut perlu dilakukan. Metode petak ganda digunakan pada tiga sampel petak pada tailing, overburden, area aliran limbah emas, dan area yang tidak terpengaruh oleh limbah, yaitu petak ukuran 1×1 m2 untuk vegetasi dasar, 5×5 m2 untuk vegetasi pancang dan 10×10 m2 untuk vegetasi pohon. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah bahwa pada tailing ditemukan 2 spesies tumbuhan dasar dengan INP tertinggi Paspalum conjugatum, 6 spesies pancang dengan INP tertinggi Coloacasia esculentum dan 8 pohon dengan INP tertinggi Albizia chinensis. Pada overburden terdapat 10 spesies tumbuhan dasar dengan INP tertinggi Paspalum conjugatum, 4 spesies pancang dengan INP tertinggi Metroxylon sagu dan 7 pohon dengan INP tertinggi Albizia chinensis. Pada area aliran limbah emas terdapat 3 spesies tumbuhan dasar dengan INP tertinggi Axonopus compressus, 5 spesies pancang dengan INP tertinggi Salaca zalacca dan 8 spesies pohon dengan INP tertinggi Swietenia mahagoni. Pada area yang tidak terpengaruh oleh limbah emas terdapat 16 spesies tumbuhan dasar dengan INP tertinggi Selaginella moellendorffii, 7 spesies pancang dengan INP tertinggi Amomum compactum dan 10 pohon dengan INP tertinggi Albizia chinensis. Small scale gold mining was accused to damage soil and vegetation. Therefore, deep looking into vegetation and soil characteristics in the area is needed. A double plot method of three plot samples was taken on tailing, overburden, land contaminated with gold water waste, and non-contaminated land (forest). There are 3 sample plots in which plot there are 16 sample plots for each vegetation level i.e. 1×1 m2 plot basic vegetation, 5×5 m2 plot sapling, and 10×10 m2 plot trees. In conclusion that on tailing there were 2 species basic vegetation with the highest IVI was Paspalum conjugatum, 6 sapling species with the highest IVI was Coloacasia esculentum, and 8 trees with highest IVI was Albizia chinensis. On overburden there were 10 basic vegetation species with the highest IVI was Paspalum conjugatum, 4 saplin species with the highest IVI was Metroxylon sagu and 7 trees with the highest IVI was Albizia chinensis. On the land contaminated with gold water waste there were 3 basic vegetation species with the highest IVI was Axonopus compressus, 5 sapling species with the highest IVI was Salaca zalacca, and 8 trees species with the highest IVI was Swietenia mahagoni. On non contaminated land (forest), there were 16 vegetation base species with the highest IVI was Selaginella moellendorffii, 7 species of stick with the highest IVI was Amomum compactum, and 10 wood trees with the highest INP was Albizia chinensis.