Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation in Severe Aortic Stenosis ― Insights From the CURRENT AS Registry-2 ―

Abstract

Background: Data on concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are scarce. Methods and Results: We investigated the risk of concomitant MR in patients with severe AS in the CURRENT AS Registry-2 according to initial treatment strategy (transcatheter aortic valve implantation [TAVI], surgical aortic valve replacement [SAVR], or conservative). Among 3,365 patients with severe AS, 384 (11.4%) had moderate/severe MR (TAVI: n=126/1,148; SAVR: n=68/591; conservative: n=190/1,626). The cumulative 3-year incidence for death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization was significantly higher in the moderate/severe than no/mild MR group in the entire population (54.6% vs. 34.3%, respectively; P<0.001) and for each treatment strategy (TAVI: 45.0% vs. 31.8% [P=0.006]; SAVR: 31.9% vs. 18.7% [P<0.001]; conservative: 67.8% vs. 41.6% [P<0.001]). The higher adjusted risk of moderate/severe MR relative to no/mild MR for death or HF hospitalization was not significant in the entire population (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.39; P=0.15); however, the risk was significant in the SAVR (HR 1.92; 95% CI 1.04–3.56; P=0.04) and conservative (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.02–1.67; P=0.04) groups, but not in the TAVI group (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.70–1.52; P=0.86), despite no significant interaction (Pinteraction=0.37). Conclusions: Moderate/severe MR was associated with a higher risk for death or HF hospitalization in the initial SAVR and conservative strategies, while the association was less pronounced in the initial TAVI strategy.