Flow Dynamics and Acoustics from Glottal Vibrations at Different Frequencies

Abstract

Glottal vibration is fundamental to breathing-related disorders and respiratory sound generation. However, responses of the flow and acoustics to glottal vibrations of different frequencies are unclear. The objective of this study is to numerically evaluate the influences of glottal vibration frequencies on inspiratory airflow dynamics and flow-induced sound signals; this is different from normal phonation that is driven by controlled expiratory flows. A computational model was developed that comprised an image-based mouth–throat–lung model and a dynamic glottis expanding/contracting following a sinusoidal waveform. Large Eddy simulations were used to solve the temporal and spatial flow evolutions, and pressure signals were analyzed using different transform algorithms (wavelet, Hilbert, Fourier, etc.). Results show that glottal vibrations significantly altered the flows in the glottis and trachea, especially at high frequencies. With increasing vibration frequencies, the vortices decreased in scale and moved from the main flow to the walls. Phase shifts occurred between the glottis motion and glottal flow rates for all frequencies considered. Due to this phase shift, the pressure forces resisted the glottal motion in the first half of contraction/expansion and assisted the glottal motion in the second half of contraction/expansion. The magnitude of the glottal flow fluctuation was approximately linear with the vibration frequency (~f0), while the normal pressure force increased nonlinearly with the frequency (~f01.85). Instantaneous pressure signals were irregular at low vibration frequencies (10 and 20 Hz) but became more regular with increasing frequencies in the pressure profile, periodicity, and wavelet-transformed parameters. The acoustic characteristics specific to the glottal vibration frequency were explored in temporal and frequency domains, which may be used individually or as a combination in diagnosing vocal fold dysfunction, snoring, sleep apnea, or other breathing-related diseases.