Gravimetric geoid modeling in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (NGM17) using KTH method

Abstract

In this study, a new geoid model for the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (NGM17) was computed using an alternative method known as the Least Squares Modification of Stokes formula (LSMS) with Additive Corrections (AC) or commonly called the KTH method. The NGM17 geoid was derived from the recent terrestrial gravity data provided by Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM), the most recent global digital elevation model ALOS World 3D (AW3D-30) GDEM, global geopotential model (GGM) derived from three satellite gravity missions, marine gravity anomalies extracted from DTU 10 Global Gravity Field and WGM2012 Earth's gravity anomalies. The gravimetric geoid model derived in this study (NGM17) as well as the geoid obtained from DSMM were then evaluated against the GNSS-levelling data. The statistical analysis obtained shows that NGM17 gives slightly better accuracy with the mean error of NGM17 and DSMM geoid model were 0.2568m and 1.1648m respectively, and the RMSE of ±0.2686m and ±1.1656m respectively.