Enzimatik Esterifikasi Menggunakan Lipase Antara Asam Lemak Sawit Destilat Dan Gliserol Untuk Sintesis Triasilgliserol

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Asam lemak sawit destilat (palm fatty acid distillate,PFAD) merupakan fraksi asam lemak bebas dari hasil rafinasi minyak sawit mentah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji esterifikasi antara PFAD dan gliserol untuk sintesis triasilgliserol secara enzimatik menggunakan enzim lipase sebagai katalis. Rasio mol antara gliserol dan PFAD yang digunakan adalah 1:1-1:10, waktu reaksi selama 4-72 jam, suhu reaksi 50-80 °C dan jumlah katalis lipase sebanyak 1-20 %. Produk esterifikasi dianalisa kadar monoasilgliserol, diasilgliserol, triasilgliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Senyawa triasilgliserol dikarakterisasi kandungan triasilgliserol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa triasilgliserol dapat diperoleh dengan kadar triasilgliserol sebesar 21-24 % pada rasio gliserol dan PFAD 1/6, waktu reaksi selama 72 jam, suhu reaksi 60 °C dan katalis lipase sebanyak 1 %. Senyawa triasilgliserol memiliki kandungan 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl-glycerol (PPP) 19,4 %, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP) 32,4 %, dan 1(3)-palmitoyl-2,3(1)-dioleyl-glycerol (POO) 17,7 %. Kata kunci: triasilgliserol, minyak sawit, palm fatty acid distillate, esterifikasi ABSTRACT: Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is the fatty acids fraction from crude palm oil after rafination process. This study was conducted to esterification of PFAD and glycerol for synthesis of triacylglycerol via enzymatic using enzyme lipase as a catalyst. Ratios mol between glycerol and PFAD that used were 1:1-1:10, reaction time for 4-72 hrs, reaction temperature at 50-80 °C, and catalyst lypase concentration of 1-20 %. Monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and free fatty acid content of esterificated products were determined. The triacylglycerol compound was characterized of triacylglycerols composition. The result show that the triacylglycerol compound has triacylglycerol content of 21-24 % that can be produced at the ratio glycerol and PFAD of 1/6, reaction time for 72 hrs, temperature reaction at 60 °C and lypase concentration of 1 %. The triacylglycerol compound has 1,2,3-tripalmitoyl-glycerol (PPP) 19.4 %, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP) 32.4 %, and 1(3)-palmitoyl-2,3(1)-dioleyl-glycerol (POO) 17.7 %.