Light-Activated Qubit Coupling in a Vanadyl Porphyrin Trimer

Abstract

Molecules provide a modular and chemically tunable platform for quantum information science. In recent years, significant advances have been made in enabling optical spin initialization, coherent control, and both optical and electrical readout of molecular qubits. Yet, a central challenge remains: realizing scalable architectures through the controlled and ultrafast activation of interqubit interactions. Here, we present a molecular system composed of two vanadyl porphyrin qubits bridged by a free-base porphyrin chromophore, where the qubits are magnetically independent in the ground state but become coupled upon photoexcitation. Femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, supported by DFT calculations and spectral simulations, reveal that photoexcitation induces the formation of a spin-quintet state within subpicosecond time scales. Notably, long-lived spin polarization persists up to room temperature. Theoretical modeling offers design principles for harnessing this mechanism in future applications. These results provide a proof of concept for optically controlled spin interactions in molecules, paving the way for light-activated molecular quantum gates.