Impact of sexual activity on bulbocavernosus muscle stiffness assessed by shear wave elastography in women

Abstract

Purpose: The bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) is a vital component of the pelvic floor muscles, significantly contributing to women’s sexual function. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an innovative, non-invasive imaging technique offering quantitative insights into tissue stiffness, yet its application in evaluating BCM stiffness remains unexplored. This study investigates the stiffness of the BCM in women with different sexual activity histories using SWE. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in China between April and September 2024. Sixty-two women aged 18 to 40 were assigned to two groups: the sexually active group (SAG) and the sexually inactive group (SIG). BCM stiffness was measured at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The correlations between BCM stiffness and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were also examined. Results: Women in the SAG exhibited significantly higher BCM stiffness during MVC compared to those in the SIG, and BCM stiffness during MVC was moderately correlated with the orgasm domain of the FSFI. There were no significant differences in BCM stiffness at rest between the two groups. Conclusion: Sexual activity may positively influence BCM stiffness, which could lead to improved pelvic floor muscle function and potentially enhance sexual health. A moderate correlation between BCM stiffness during MVC and the orgasm domain of the FSFI, suggesting a possible biomechanical association between BCM function and sexual function. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship and explore its clinical implications.