Emerging Technologies in Water Treatment: Recent Advances

Abstract

Ozone is a gas consisting of three oxygen atoms and is often used in food, hygiene, air sterilization, and surface disinfection. It has also been used in water treatment since the end of the 19th century. Today, its purpose is the disinfection of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater. Ozonation is a chemical water purification technique based on the infusion of ozone into the water. Ozonation is an advanced type of oxidation process that involves the production of highly reactive oxygen species that can attack a wide variety of organic compounds and all microorganisms. Ozone is produced by exposing oxygen to high electrical voltage or UV radiation. Using a typical ozonation system consisting of an ozone generator and a reactor in which ozone is bubbled into the water to be treated, the ozone is produced. Ozone is effective in inactivating bacteria, viruses, and protozoa over a wide pH range and is also effective in both organic and inorganic materials' degradation. Ozone is also used effectively in color, taste, and odor removal and does not require additional chemicals. In addition to all these advantages, the high energy requirement in production, high equipment costs, and the need for qualified personnel for design and system maintenance are also emerging as initial and operating disadvantages. The formation of some disinfection by-products and not having a permanent effect on the distribution networks also appears as disadvantages in terms of health. In addition, ozone can promote the regrowth of bacteria as it affects biological stability. The use of ozone is increasingly being investigated, given the concerns about the use of chlorine in many countries due to the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts. Hybrid ozonation processes are used to improve the technical and economic aspects of ozone, which is reported to be very effective, especially in the removal of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater. Moreover, the number of research performed to understand the reaction mechanisms of ozone and the reaction kinetics of the degradation of different compounds is increasing day by day. This book invites all studies of ozonation used in water/wastewater treatment and sludge reduction for purposes such as the prevention of waterborne diseases, reuse of potable water, and protection of the ecosystem. Researchers working on disinfection, oxidation, catalytic ozonation, hybrid ozonation processes, ozone reaction mechanisms, and many others are invited to make valuable contributions to this book. BT - Ozonation - New Aspects