Strategies for Influenza Outbreak Management in a US Residential Summer Camp Communal Housing: A Comparative Analysis of Targeted Antiviral Prophylaxis

Abstract

Background: Previous research has underscored the efficacy of individual control strategies in mitigating influenza spread within communal settings; however, the unique dynamics of residential summer camps—characterized by close contact and high social interaction—present distinct challenges for outbreak management. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two targeted antiviral prophylaxis protocols using oseltamivir in controlling influenza outbreaks within a residential youth camp, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing outbreak management in communal settings with high social interaction. Design: This retrospective study analyzed the progression of influenza outbreaks in a residential youth camp using two antiviral prophylaxis protocols with oseltamivir. Time-series models assessed outbreak dynamics, and descriptive statistics characterized camp cohorts to evaluate the effectiveness of mass chemoprophylaxis (2022 Protocol) versus more rapidly deployed chemoprophylaxis (2023 Protocol). Methods: We used descriptive statistics to define the camp cohorts and time-series models to analyze the outbreak’s progression under each protocol. Findings: In 2022, oseltamivir was widely distributed after the outbreak began, likely resulting in a reduced but ongoing spread. In 2023, targeted use of oseltamivir early in the outbreak significantly reduced transmission within the camp. Conclusion: The study demonstrated oseltamivir’s efficacy in reducing influenza transmission and emphasized the importance of rapid intervention in communal settings, offering valuable insights for optimizing outbreak management. Clinical evidence: Early intervention with oseltamivir was more effective in controlling the outbreak than a later intervention. Targeted use of oseltamivir, focusing on individuals exposed to the virus, was shown to be beneficial.