Overexpression of Spondin-2 Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background. The spondin-2 (SPON2) gene is overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors and may promote tumor aggressiveness. However, its expression profile and functional roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are still unclear. Methods. SPON2 expression in ccRCC was evaluated using expression data from TCGA and GEO databases, then confirmed by local patient population (94 patients). The clinical significance of SPON2 expression was evaluated. Downregulation of SPON2 was performed using small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The effects of SPON2 silencing on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in vitro were investigated. Results. SPON2 was overexpressed in the majority of the ccRCC at both mRNA and protein levels. SPON2 expression was significantly correlated with stage, grade, and recurrence (all P<0.05) in patients with localized ccRCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that SPON2 expression could serve as a predictor of recurrence. SPON2 expression was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with localized ccRCC. Knocking down SPON2 resulted in suppressed cell invasion and migration in vitro. Conclusion. SPON2 expression might function as a prognostic biomarker in patients with localized ccRCC.