Symptoms and Types of Migraine Headaches, and Their Preventive Measures

Abstract

Migraines are complex neurological disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide, particularly among adults under 50. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying mechanisms remain partially understood. Its treatment often requires a multifactorial, personalized approach. This narrative review addresses a key gap in the literature by integrating recent findings across pharmacological, dietary, environmental, and lifestyle domains to propose a more holistic framework for migraine prevention and management. The study outlines common migraine subtypes, triggers, and pathophysiological features, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis, hormonal shifts, and environmental stressors. Evidence supports the effectiveness of interventions such as CGRP antagonists, plant-based diets, sleep regulation, and physical activity. Visual schematics illustrate the progression of migraine, including a proposed flowchart linking triggers to symptoms and a conceptual diagram of the gut-brain axis. While recent therapies show promise, further research is needed to validate integrative strategies, optimize personalized treatment, and explore novel biological targets. Improving awareness and access to such strategies could significantly enhance the quality of life for millions affected by this disabling condition.Copyright Bentham Science Publishers