Managing water crisis in the North African region: With particular reference to Jijel region

Abstract

Global water supplies have been seriously affected over the last two decades. Freshwater is becoming scarce in many parts of the world and now a significant number of regions are under serious water stress and about 50 % the world’s population is projected to suffer acute water shortages by 2030. This has mainly been attributed to fast population growth, soaring demand for food and energy and climate changes. Water shortages have created intense competition among users and among different types of use. This is making it increasingly difficult for planners and policy makers to meet increasing water and food needs and to sustain social and economic development. The North African region is generally arid and is facing severe water scarcity, particularly in the southern parts (desert). In the northern parts of the region, where the majority of the population lives, rainfall is decreasing and hence water resources are shrinking. Now, water scarcity is considerably obstructing the region’s development, affecting the quality of life, creating social tensions and threatening human security. In spite of a significant annual rainfall, averaging 814 mm, and an important water infrastructure, two completed water dams and an important water supply network, Jijel region is still suffering water shortages. Inefficient water management, municipal budget deficits and the lack of people’s awareness are worsening water scarcity and exacerbating environmental and water degradation.