Extreme Spatial Experience: Altering the Perception of Space

Abstract

This paper focuses on the development of a method for promoting alternative perceptions of architectural space by exploring different ways of introducing computers in the space/occupant dynamic. 1 Perception of Space Computation has influenced architecture and the experience of space by changing the classic notion that architecture is static. Challenging this assumption, the concept of dynamic space, its origins rooted in kinetic art 1 and virtual environments, has slowly begun to filter into the physical realm. As the definition of architecture evolves and incorporates computation, the relationship between "space" and "occupant" begins to transform. Consequently, this new relationship engenders a new collective perception and understanding of space in which both the space and the occupant are viewed as dynamic. How do non-static architectural elements affect our perception of the space they create? For example, to what degree is the feeling of stability and security of a wall or a ceiling is associated to the notion of "moveability"? More than ever now, through the use of sensors and actuators we are able to affect the way that a person relates to an environment. Computation allows us to control and adjust the feedback system between space and occupant so that it is bi-directional, in that not only the occupant responds to the space but vise versa. How will that adjust our understanding and perception of our environments? Normally, the perception of space is forged through the analysis of sensory information gathered from our surroundings. Our position, orientation, proximity and other such relationships between us and the objects and people surrounding us, viewed in light of our cultural guidelines, from our understanding of the spaces we occupy. This "information flow" takes the form of a feedback system where the perception leads to adjustment of the space or the relationship to its parts, until a state of "comfort" is reached. A simple example of such behavior would be moving closer to a heater if one were cold or adjusting the light level in a room. There is a relative aspect to the perception of space as demonstrated by research done in the area of Proxemics. The term Proxemics was coined by researcher E.T. Hall 2 , in 1963, when he investigated an individual's use of personal space in contrast with "fixed" and "semi-fixed" feature space. Fixed feature space is characterized by unmovable boundaries (divisions within an office building) while semi-fixed feature space is defined by moveable boundaries such as furniture. As Hall describes it, informal space is characterized by a personal zone or "bubble" that varies for individuals and circumstances. This informal space is determined by cultural and social influences and is the area that humans control and use the most in the perception and adjustment of their space. For instance, the study of spatial territory for the purpose of communication uses four categories for informal space: the intimate distance for embracing or whispering (6-18 inches); the personal distance for conversations among good friends (1.5-4 feet); social distance for conversations among acquaintances (4-12 feet); and public distance used for public speaking (12 feet or more). What may be considered intimate in one culture might be public or personal in another culture. Generally speaking, these distance zones greatly affect how people use their senses to distinguish