Roles of Facilitated Transport Through HFSLM in Engineering Applications

Abstract

For a number of manufacturing processes, separation, concentration and purification are important to handle intermediates, products, by-products and waste streams. In this regards mass and heat transfer play a significant role to attain efficient results. Concern to the separation operations, they can be classified as energy-intensive interphase mass transfer processes and less energyor less material-intensive intraphase mass transfer processes (Henley & Seader, 1981). With environmental and energy constraints in these days, for sustainability it is of much concern the requirements of process intensification and looking for the most effective operation based on green chemistry concepts (Badami, 2008; Escobar & Schafer, 2010; Matthews, 2007). Membrane technologies are a potential sustainable solution in this point of view. In contrast to the energy-intensive interphase mass transfer processes as distillation and extraction, membrane separation is an intraphase-mass-transfer process without the energy-intensive step of creating or introducing a new phase. It involves the selective diffusion of target species through the membrane at different rates. Although membrane operations are a relatively new type of separation process, several of them are fast-growing and successfully not only in biological systems but also a large industrial scale, e.g., food and bioproduct processing (Jirjis & Luque, 2010; Lipnizki, 2010). They can apply for a wide range of applications and provide meaningful advantages over conventional separation processes. In applications of controlling drug delivery, a membrane is generally used to moderate the permeation rate of a drug from its reservoir to the human body. In applications for safety regulations of food packaging, the membrane controls the permeation of undesirable constituents completely. In separation purposes, the membrane allows one component in a feed mixture to permeate itself but prohibits permeation of others. Among several membrane types, supported liquid membranes (SLMs) or immobilized liquid membranes (ILMs) containing carriers or extractants to facilitate selective transport of gases or ions draw high interest of the researchers and users in the industry as they are advanced economical feasible for pre-concentration and separation of the target species. So far, four types of supported liquid membrane modules (spiral wound, hollow fiber, tubular and flat sheet or plate and frame) have been used in the industry (Baker, 2007; Cui et al., 2010). The