Problematic uses of digital technologies among youth: a current systematic review

Abstract

This study presents a systematic review of 80 studies (2020-2025) on problematic uses of digital technologies among young people. Through thematic analysis, three approaches are integrated: problematic use of the Internet, smartphones, and social networks. The findings indicate greater vulnerability among adolescents and young adults, associated with fear of missing out (FoMO), phubbing, nomophobia, and technostress, as well as with patterns of immediate gratification. Impacts are observed on mental health (anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances), academic performance (procrastination and fragmented attention), and social relationships. Protective factors include self-regulation and socio-emotional competencies, digital literacy, and family or school support. In the state of the art, several gaps are identified, such as the scarcity of longitudinal and interdisciplinary studies. The review concludes that promoting youth digital well-being requires comprehensive educational and community interventions that avoid pathologizing approaches and strengthen self-regulatory skills.