How often and how much? Differences in dietary intake by frequency and energy contribution vary among U.S. adults in NHANES 2007-2012

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the top frequently reported foods or beverages and the top foods or beverages grouped by broad and specific WhatWe Eat In America (WWEIA) categories for adult age groups of 19 to 35 years, 36 to 55 years, and ≥65 years (n = 16,399) using data drawn from the cross-sectional, WWEIA, National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 and to compare intake of broad WWEIA categories ranked by frequency and by energy contribution among these adult age groups. Ranking, unadjusted and weighted frequencies, and the proportion of reported foods or energy out of all reported foods or energy were determined and stratified by age. The Rao-Scott modified chi-square was used to test for significant differences among age groups. Results support dietary quality differences by age, intake of broad WWEIA categories was significantly different among age groups by frequency for alcohol, water, and condiment/sauces. Energy contributions significantly differed among age groups for protein foods, snacks/sweets, and beverages. Frequently reported foods and beverages may be used to inform the creation of search tools used for automatic and user-verified identification of foods and beverages in mobile-or technology-based dietary assessment.