Effect of Circuit Training on Calcium Level and Physical Fitness in Pregnant Women with Hypocalcemia: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Hypocalcemia is a common problem during pregnancy that affects maternal and fetal outcomes. So, preventive and treatment measures are warranted to prevent complications and promote health and well-being in pregnant women with calcium deficiency. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of circuit training (CT) on calcium levels and physical fitness in pregnant women with hypocalcemia. Methods: Forty-four pregnant women in their 2nd trimester having hypocalcemia participated in the study; their ages ranged from 20 to 35 years old, and their body mass index (BMI) was 35.00 to 39.99kg/m2. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group received daily calcium supplements (1.5 – 2 g), while the CT group received the same tablets and performed the CT program for 60 minutes, three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum-free and ionized calcium levels were measured, and sit and reach flexibility test, wall squat test, chair stand test, and modified push-up test assessed the physical fitness before and after treatment. Results: The control and CT groups showed statistically significant increases (p<0.0001) in free and ionized calcium levels and a non-significant difference (p>0.05) between groups after treatment. Compared to the control group, the CT group showed statistically significant increases (p<0.0001) in the scores of sit and reach flexibility test, wall squat test, chair stand test, and modified push-up test after treatment. However, the control group showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05) in all test scores. Conclusion: Adding CT to calcium supplements is a safe and effective method that maintains calcium and improves physical fitness in pregnant women with hypocalcemia, which should be a part of the antenatal exercises program for gravid women.