Environmental Impacts of Sand Mining: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Sand mining is a prevalent activity worldwide, driven primarily by the demand for construction materials. However, the environmental consequences of sand extraction are extensive and multifaceted, affecting various ecosystems and communities. This review paper synthesizes the current understanding of the environmental effects of sand mining, encompassing diverse aspects such as land degradation, habitat destruction, water pollution, and socioeconomic repercussions. By examining the interplay of geological, hydrological, biological, and societal factors, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by sand mining and potential strategies for sustainable management.