The impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on desertification in the semi-arid region of Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on desertification in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. Climatic data (Temperature and rainfall) for 52 years (1950 – 2001) from 25 meteorological stations were collected and analysed. Questionnaires were also used to solicit respondents' perception on the causes, effects and solution to desertification in Nigeria. The data were computed and analysed using the square method, maps and bar graphs. The results among others show that while temperature has been on the increase, rainfall has been decreasing. The continued aridity and pressure on the land from farming, grazing and indiscriminate bush burning have led to southward desert encroachment. Currently, approximately 22.6% of the country's landmass is being affected by desertification. The desertification process has resulted in southward migration of sand dunes, water scarcity, reduction in crops' production, ecological degradation and emigration of people and animals. Integrated efforts from the Local Communities, States and Federal Government together with NGOs and International Bodies to combat desertification through massive afforestation, enlightenment campaign, avoidance of indiscriminate bush burning, reduction in deforestation, overgrazing and overcropping among others are recommended. Key Words: Climate Change, Sand dunes, hydrothermal, Desertification and Afforestation. [Global Jnl Environ Sci Vol.2(2) 2003: 118-127]