Right Minithoracotomy Versus Median Sternotomy for Mitral Valve Surgery: A Propensity Matched Study

Abstract

Background. The efficacy of conventional median sternotomy versus a right minithoracotomy (RT) approach to mitral valve surgery was evaluated in a single high-volume institution. Methods. A retrospective analysis of a single institution's experience was performed using propensity matching of 1,694 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery during a 15-year period. Patients who had procedures that were not usually performed through an RT approach were excluded. Using 1:1 propensity score matching, we obtained 215 matched patients in each group for outcomes analysis. Results. There was no difference in the median year of operation between the two groups (2002 versus 2001; p = 0.142). The RT approach was not a predictor of postoperative mortality. Predictors of mortality included increasing age, diabetes, smoking, preoperative dialysis, lung disease, advanced congestive heart failure class, and peripheral vascular disease. The RT approach was associated with less new-onset atrial fibrillation (8% versus 16%; p = 0.018), pneumonia (1% versus 5%; p = 0.049), respiratory failure (3% versus 8%; p = 0.036), and acute renal failure (2% versus 7%; p = 0.006), lower chest tube output (350 versus 840 mL; p < 0.001), and fewer red blood transfusions (2 versus 3 units; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Right minithoracotomy compared with median sternotomy for mitral valve surgery was associated with less postoperative atrial fibrillation, respiratory complications, acute renal failure, chest tube output, and use of packed red blood cells. Given study limitations, the RT approach for mitral valve surgery may have advantages over median sternotomy in selected patients.