Resection of Pituitary Tumor with Lateral Extension to the Temporal Fossa: The Toothpaste Extrusion Technique

Abstract

Transsphenoidal resection of the sellar and suprasellar lesions, whether microscopic or endoscopic, has been traditionally limited by tumors extending laterally to the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. Extended endoscopic or transmaxillary approaches may be warranted depending on these tumor extensions. We describe the use of an intraoperative Valsalva maneuver as a surgical adjunct to the transsphenoidal approach to improve the extent of resection for a favorable outcome. The patient was a 65-year-old woman who underwent resection of a giant pituitary tumor that extended laterally to the cavernous sinus to occupy a volume within the middle fossa. It was the senior author's impression that the lateral cavernous wall was intact at the time of surgery although this is difficult to determine definitively. After a transsphenoidal intrasellar resection of the intrasellar tumor, side-angled endoscopic visualization enabled identification of the breach in the medial cavernous wall where the tumor had invaded the cavernous sinus and ultimately grown into the middle fossa. A Valsalva maneuver was then applied, and the tumor was extruded from the cavernous sinus lateral to the carotid. The significant tumor was removed under direct visualization of the abducens nerve, which was well preserved. Postoperative imaging showed a sufficient extent of resection, and there were no postoperative complications. An intraoperative Valsalva maneuver can be a potentially useful technique for extending tumor resection in cases with a soft tumor and visualization of the opening within the cavernous sinus wall.