Demographic shifts and aging in the middle of the world: health challenges and policy opportunities in Ecuador

Abstract

Ecuador is a middle-income country in South America with approximately 18 million residents. While still young, the country is undergoing a demographic shift that has led to an aging population. The percent of adults aged 65 and above is projected to increase from 7.84% in 2022 to nearly 18% by 2050. This transformation presents substantial challenges that require social and policy solutions. Gerontological research in Ecuador has largely emphasized biomedical science. National datasets, including the Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE), the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT), and the Atahualpa Project, have provided valuable insights into population health. However, gaps remain due to the absence of national and longitudinal data that capture the population subgroups that call Ecuador their home. We conclude by emphasizing the need to address national issues such as: ensuring social security coverage, strengthening poverty alleviation programs, and improving access to healthcare. By addressing these issues, Ecuador will be better equipped to meet the evolving needs of its aging population.