Perspectives for a Sustainable Development: A Livestock Production Study Case in the Paraguayan Chaco Region

Abstract

It seems as if cattle production and conservation of forests landscapes are antagonists, however, this case study in the humid Chaco highlights benefits provided by forests and wetlands associated with semi intensive cattle ranching activities in native grasslands, allowing native ecosystems conservation and economic-viable production at the same time. A financial balance is presented for a cattle establishment in an initial phase, as well as future projections. Afterwards, different environmental services are reported in the same site, using an ecosystem services approach, showing that the provision of this environmental services and economically viable cattle ranching could be possible without deforestation, which is a frequent pathway to productive intensification in the region. The idea that forests are needed to be cleared for plantation of grasses is confronted by a financial balance and listing direct economic benefits to livestock production derived from managing and conserving these forests. During the four year study, ecosystem services are assessed, while also simultaneously keeping a record of financial balance and investments that allows for an on-the-ground discussion of the offset between productivity, conservation and restoration of native ecosystems. Challenges to productive systems, mostly derived from market pressures are emphasized. Solutions are explored that ensure efficient incentives to preserve forests in the face of more intensive production systems that promise a positive cash flow for the producer.