Heme Oxygenase 1 Up-Regulates Glomerular Decay Accelerating Factor Expression and Minimizes Complement Deposition and Injury

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Abstract

Complement-activation controllers, including decay accelerating factor (DAF), are gaining emphasis as they minimize injury in various dysregulated complement-activation disorders, including glomerulopathies. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 overexpression or induction has been shown to attenuate injury in complement-dependent models of glomerulonephritis. This study investigated whether up-regulation of DAF by heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an underlying mechanism by using Hmox-1–deficient rats (Hmox1+/−; Hmox1−/−) or rats with HO-1 overexpression targeted to glomerular epithelial cells (GECHO-1), which are particularly vulnerable to complement-mediated injury owing to their terminally differentiated nature. Constitutively expressed DAF was decreased in glomeruli of Hmox1−/− rats and augmented in glomeruli of GECHO-1 rats. In GECHO-1 rats with anti–glomerular basement membrane antibody mediated, complement-dependent injury, complement component C3 fragment b (C3b) deposition was reduced, whereas proteinuria was diminished. In glomeruli of wild-type rats, the natural Hmox substrate, hemin, induced glomerular DAF. This effect was attenuated in glomeruli of Hmox1−/− rats and augmented in glomeruli of GECHO-1 rats. Hemin analogues differing in either metal or porphyrin ring functionalities, acting as competitive Hmox-substrate inhibitors, also increased glomerular DAF and reduced C3b deposition after spontaneous complement activation. In the presence of a DAF-blocking antibody, the reduction in C3b deposition was reversed. These observations establish HO-1 as a physiologic regulator of glomerular DAF and identify hemin analogues as inducers of functional glomerular DAF able to minimize C3b deposition.

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Detsika, M. G., Duann, P., Atsaves, V., Papalois, A., & Lianos, E. A. (2016). Heme Oxygenase 1 Up-Regulates Glomerular Decay Accelerating Factor Expression and Minimizes Complement Deposition and Injury. American Journal of Pathology, 186(11), 2833–2845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.009

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