Sobrecarga de fluidos en pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de segundo nivel en México

Abstract

Introduction: Fluid overload is defined as a positive accumulated balance of liquids, which represents a mechanism of acute decompensation associated with the worsening of symptoms, late hospitalization or even death. The objective is to determine the influence of fluid overload on the evolution of hospitalized patients, as well as to know the service that has the highest prevalence of water overload. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, comparative and retrospective study was developed. The sample was 387 hospitalized patients, cross-sectional comparisons between groups for quantitative variables were performed by analysis of variance. Tukey's contrast test and Pearson's correlation analysis were applied. Results: A global prevalence of patients with fluid overload (> 10%) of 7.75% (n = 30) was found. In the nursing sheets, the registry of 250 patients coincided, that is, 66.6% of the cases, in the remaining (33.4%) differences were found in the quantification of the water balance. Finding that there is no significant statistical relationship between the overload index > 10% and the days of hospital stay in any service (r = 0.01; p = 0.94) Conclusions: It was emphasized that the nursing staff and health team involved In the management of electrolytic fluids of the hospitalized patient it is of great importance for their discharge, since it is essential to avoid complications derived from fluid overload where organic failures predominate, in addition to providing good hospital management during their stay and reducing costs in the health care. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Introducción: La sobrecarga de fluidos es definida como un balance positivo acumulado de líquidos que representa un mecanismo de descompensación aguda asociada con el agravamiento de síntomas, la hospitalización tardía o incluso la muerte. El objetivo es determinar la influencia de sobrecarga de fluidos en la evolución de los pacientes hospitalizados, así como conocer el servicio que tiene la mayor prevalencia de sobrecarga hídrica. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio de tipo transversal, comparativo y retrospectivo. La muestra fue de 387 pacientes hospitalizados, las comparaciones transversales entre grupos para variables cuantitativas se realizaron mediante análisis de varianza. Se aplicó la prueba de contrastes de Tukey, y análisis de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia global de pacientes con sobrecarga de fluidos (> 10%) del 7.75% (n = 30). En las hojas de enfermería coincidió el registro de 250 pacientes, es decir, 66.6% de los casos, en el restante (33.4%) se encontraron diferencias en la cuantificación del balance hídrico. Hallando que no existe relación estadística significativa entre el índice de sobrecarga > 10% y los días de estancia intrahospitalaria en cualquier servicio (r = 0.01; p = 0.94). Conclusiones: Se logró enfatizar que el personal de enfermería y equipo de salud involucrado en el manejo de fluidos electrolíticos del paciente hospitalizado es de gran importancia para su egreso, ya que es fundamental para evitar complicaciones derivadas de la sobrecarga de fluidos donde predominan fallas orgánicas, además de brindar un buen manejo hospitalario durante su estancia y disminuir costos en la atención de salud. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista CONAMED is the property of Comision Nacional de Arbitraje Medico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)