Diagnostic Errors

Abstract

Diagnostic errors may occur when interpreting test results, often caused by inherent prejudices related to our experiences. This chapter discusses types of decision-making in practice and common cognitive biases that lead to diagnostic errors. Case examples are provided to illustrate anchoring bias, availability bias, commission bias, confirmation bias, overconfidence bias, search satisfaction/premature closure bias, and diagnostic momentum bias. Strategies for mitigating biases and reducing diagnostic errors are outlined, including recognition, slowing down, skepticism, routine use of the minimum database, using diagnostic and treatment algorithms and lists of differential diagnoses, and seeking independent advice.