Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly. In general, the locomotion deficit, which seriously affects the daily life of patients with PD, usually occurs at a later stage. The mask face symptom meanwhile progressively worsens. However, facial muscle disorders and changes involved in the freezing mask are unclear. Method: In this study, we recruited 35 patients with PD and 26 age- and sex-balanced controls to undergo phonation tests, while the built-in camera on the laptop recorded their facial expressions during the whole pronunciation process. Furthermore, FaceReader (version 7.0; Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands) was used to analyze changes in PD facial landmark movement and region movement. Results: The two-tailed Student's t-test showed that the changes in facial landmark movement among 49 landmarks were significantly lower in patients with PD than in the control group (P < 0.05). The data on facial region movement revealed that the eyes and upper lip of patients with PD differed significantly from those in the control group. Conclusion: Patients with PD had defects in facial landmark movement and regional movement when producing a single syllable, double syllable, and multiple syllables, which may be related to reduced facial expressions in patients with PD.
CITATION STYLE
Xu, F., Zou, X. W., Yang, L. Q., Mo, S. C., Guo, Q. H., Zhang, J., … Xing, G. G. (2022). Facial muscle movements in patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing phonation tests. Frontiers in Neurology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1018362
Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.