Vitamins A, E, and C: Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action and Physiological Impact

Abstract

This study addresses the antioxidant effects of vitamins A, E, and C and their contributions to the maintenance of human health. Excessive production of free radicals can lead to oxidative stress, negatively affecting cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA; this, in turn, contributes to the onset of various chronic diseases, including aging-related conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants are vital for counteracting these harmful effects. Both endogenously produced and externally sourced antioxidants neutralize free radicals, reducing cellular damage and strengthening the body’s defense systems. The antioxidant properties of vitamins A, E, and C play a critical role in protecting cellular components from oxidative damage by mitigating the effects of oxidative stress. Adequate intake of these vitamins through a balanced diet enhances the body’s antioxidant capacity, providing protective effects against aging and the development of chronic diseases. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the physiological roles, antioxidant mechanisms, and overall impact of vitamins A, E, and C on human health.