Dysfunctional breathing: A new look to a long-lived ailment

Abstract

Dysfunctional breathing is a term that groups together different types of abnormal breathing patterns. It has been identified as a common disorder; in isolation and as a comorbidity in patients with respiratory and cardiac diseases specially. It is poorly known as an entity; however, its study is essential because the body of evidence show a significant burden on quality of life. Recognition is the strongest element of the approach in these patients and, although it does not have a clearly defined diagnostic approach, in recent years, tests have emerged that seem promising for the evaluation of the respiratory pattern. Current treatments show a positive trend in various outcomes. There is a future opportunity to develop clinical trials to detail these therapies and target the various subtypes of dysfunctional breathing. The present review aims to provide a clear picture, explaining in a general manner the elements that intervene in pathophysiology, in addition to presenting a perspective on diagnostic tests and treatments. We hope to provide a different perspective of the disorder that will allow the design of future clinical trials.